ANALISIS KESTABILAN LERENG AKIBAT FLUKTUASI MUKA AIR TANAH PADA RUAS JALAN SIMPANG PINTAS – SAYAN KABUPATEN MELAWI

FRENGKI, FRENGKI (2021) ANALISIS KESTABILAN LERENG AKIBAT FLUKTUASI MUKA AIR TANAH PADA RUAS JALAN SIMPANG PINTAS – SAYAN KABUPATEN MELAWI. Tesis thesis, Universitas Tanjungpura.

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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang luas dan memiliki beragam variasi topografi permukaan tanah disetiap daerahnya, mulai dari yang landai hingga yang sangat curam, dari yang berpantai hingga berbukit-bukit. Hal ini merupakan salah satu tantangan pula bagi pemerintah dalam membagun prasarana guna menunjang kegitan transportasi masyarakat. Jaringan jalan tidak hanya dibangun di permukaan tanah yang memiliki topografi landai dan datar saja, namun juga pada wilayah yang memiliki topografi yang curam atau berbukit-bukit, dan tak sedikit terdapat pula di atas lereng maupun di samping tebing. Hal ini membuat kemungkinan longsor pada lereng atau tebing yang berada di jaringan jalan. Wilayah Kalimantan Barat tidak luput pula dari bencana longsor ini, terutama di wilayah Kabupaten Melawi, khususnya di ruas jalan simpang pintas – Sayan. Longsoran secara alami terjadi antara lain karena menurunnya kemantapan suatu lereng, akibat degradasi tanah/batuan bersamaan waktu atau akibat fluktuasi muka air tanah. Pengaruh muka air tanah sangat berpotensi menurunkan faktor keamanan pada lereng karena tentunya air di dalam tanah memberikan beban yang lebih besar pada lereng dan juga mengurangi nilai momen penahan pada lereng, sehingga longsor biasanya terjadi ketika hujan atau pasca hujan lebat. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka tujuan dilakukan penelitian dan penulisan tesis ini adalah untuk menganalisis kestabilan lereng pada ruas Jalan Simpang Pintas – Sayan terhadap pengaruh perbedaan tinggi muka air tanah serta meninjau keefektifan perkuatan yang direncanakan dan membandingkan hasil analisa faktor keamanan dari dua macam metode perhitungan, yaitu metode perhitungan manual dan metode analisa program komputerisasi. Analisa yang digunakan dalam kajian ini yakni metode manual menggunakan metode Fellenius sedangkan metode analisa program komputerisasi yang digunakan adalah program PLAXIS 8.6 Dari hasil analisa kedua metode baik manual maupun metode program komputerisasi, potongan lereng yang dikaji masih dalam kondisi aman. Semakin rendah muaka air tanah, semakin besar angka Faktor Keamanan lereng. Perkuatan lereng yang dipilih yaitu menggunakan dinding penahan tanah berupa bronjong adalah pilihan yang tepat, sebab berdasarkan hasil analisa perhitungan, material bronjong memenuhi nilai faktor keamanan, baik faktor keamanan eksternal maupun internal yang berupa faktor keamanan terhadap guling (overturning stability) dan faktor keamanan terhadap geser (sliding stability). Kata kunci: stabilitas lereng, Indonesia is a vast archipelagic country and has a wide variety of topography of the land surface in each region, ranging from sloping to very steep, from coastal to hilly. This is also one of the challenges for the government in building infrastructure to support public transportation activities. The road network is not only built on land that has a gentle and flat topography, but also in areas that have a steep or hilly topography, and some places are also on slopes or beside cliffs. This creates the possibility of landslides on slopes or cliffs that are in the road network. The West Kalimantan region was not spared from this landslide, especially in the Melawi Regency area, especially at the shortcut intersection – Sayan Landslides naturally occur, due to a decrease in the stability of a slope, due to soil/rock degradation at the same time or due to fluctuations in ground water level. The effect of groundwater level has the potential to reduce the safety factor on the slopes because of course the water in the soil gives a greater burden on the slopes and also reduces the value of the retaining moment on the slopes, so that landslides usually occur when it rains or after heavy rains. Based on these problems, the purpose of research and writing this thesis is to analyze the stability of the slopes on the Simpang Pintas – Sayan road to the effect of differences in groundwater level and to review the effectiveness of the planned reinforcement and compare the results of the safety factor analysis of two kinds of calculation methods, namely the method of manual calculations and computerized program analysis methods. The analysis used in this study is the manual method using the Fellenius method while the computerized program analysis method used is the PLAXIS 8.6 program. From the results of the analysis of the two methods, both manual and computerized program methods, the slopes studied are still in a safe condition. The lower the groundwater table, the greater the factor of safety of the slope. The selected slope reinforcement using a retaining wall in the form of gabions is the right choice, because based on the results of the calculation analysis, the gabion material meets the value of the safety factor, both external and internal safety factors in the form of overturning stability and safety factors against shear. (sliding stability). Keywords: slope stability, slope reinforcement, retaining walls, gabions

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